Formic acid (chemical formula: HCOOH) is a simple carboxylic acid and is one of the most widely studied organic acids. It is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor and is highly soluble in water, alcohol, and ether. The name “formic” comes from the Latin word formica, meaning “ant,” because the acid was originally isolated from ants.
Properties of Formic Acid:
- Molecular Formula: HCOOH
- IUPAC Name: Methanoic acid
- Molar Mass: 46.03 g/mol
- Boiling Point: 100.8°C (213.4°F)
- Melting Point: 8.4°C (47.1°F)
- Density: 1.22 g/cm³
Key Uses of Formic Acid:
- Preservative: Used in animal feed and as a preservative in silage.
- Leather Tanning: Important in the leather industry for tanning and finishing.
- Textiles: Used for dyeing and finishing fabrics.
- Food Industry: Acts as a preservative and acidity regulator.
- Agriculture: In pesticides, herbicides, and to control mite infestations in beekeeping.
- Cleaning: Used in cleaning agents and descaling products.
- Chemical Synthesis: Used in the production of other chemicals like formates and acetic acid.