Diethanolamine (DEA) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C₄H₁₁NO₂. It is a colorless, viscous liquid that has a slightly ammonia-like odor. DEA is a secondary amine where two ethanol groups are attached to the nitrogen atom. It is used in various industrial applications, including as a surfactant, emulsifier, chemical intermediate, and solvent. DEA plays a crucial role in cosmetics, agrochemicals, textile processing, and oil refining.
Properties of Diethanolamine (DEA):
- Molecular Formula: C₄H₁₁NO₂
- Molar Mass: 105.14 g/mol
- CAS Number: 111-42-2
- Functional Groups: Diethanolamine contains an amino group (–NH) and hydroxyl groups (–OH) attached to ethanol units, making it a secondary amine and a hydroxyamine.
- Reactivity:
- DEA is a basic compound and can react with acids to form salts, commonly in the production of DEA salts with fatty acids.
- It can also form complexes with metals such as zinc and copper.
- In the presence of strong oxidizing agents, DEA can undergo oxidation to produce amines, aldehydes, and acids.
- Appearance: A colorless, viscous liquid.
- Odor: Slightly ammonia-like or amine-like.
- Density: 1.12 g/cm³ at 20°C.
- Melting Point: 27°C (81°F).
- Boiling Point: 269°C (516°F).
- Solubility:
- Soluble in water, alcohols, and many organic solvents.
- It is also miscible with acetone, ether, and chloroform.
Uses of Diethanolamine (DEA):
- Surfactants: Used in the production of detergents and emulsifiers.
- Pharmaceuticals: Used in formulations as a pH adjuster.
- Cosmetics: Used in personal care products like shampoos and creams.
- Corrosion Inhibitors: Used in oilfield chemicals and gas treatment.