Aniline Oil is a commonly used term for aniline (chemical formula: C₆H₅NH₂), which is an aromatic amine derived from benzene by substituting one hydrogen atom with an amine group (-NH₂). Aniline oil typically refers to aniline in its liquid form or a mixture containing aniline and other related compounds. It is a colorless to pale yellow liquid that is volatile, toxic, and has a distinctive odor similar to fishy or almond-like.
Aniline is widely used in the production of various industrial chemicals, particularly in the manufacture of dyes, pharmaceuticals, rubber chemicals, and plastics. It is also an important precursor in the synthesis of polyurethane foams and other polymeric materials.
Properties of Aniline Oil:
- Molecular Formula: C₆H₅NH₂
- Molar Mass: 93.13 g/mol
- CAS Number: 62-53-3
- Functional Group: Amines (-NH₂) attached to a benzene ring (C₆H₆).
- Reactivity:
- Aniline is a weak base, with the amine group reacting with acids to form salts.
- It reacts with nitrous acid to form diazonium salts, essential in azo dye synthesis.
- Aniline undergoes nitration, halogenation, and oxidation, forming valuable derivatives for organic synthesis.
- Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid, darkens upon oxidation.
- Odor: Fishy, almond-like odor characteristic of aromatic amines.
- Density: 1.02 g/cm³ at 20°C (slightly denser than water).
- Melting Point: -6°C (21°F).
- Boiling Point: 184°C (363.2°F).
- Solubility:
- Aniline is slightly soluble in water but more soluble in organic solvents like ethanol, acetone, and chloroform.
- It is miscible with benzene and toluene.
- Vapor Pressure: Relatively low vapor pressure, but emits toxic vapors when heated or exposed to air.
Key Uses of Aniline Oil:
- Dye Manufacturing: Aniline is a precursor in the manufacture of aniline dyes
- Rubber Industry: Used in the production of rubber chemicals and accelerators.
- Pharmaceuticals: Used as an intermediate in the production of various pharmaceuticals.
- Explosives: Aniline is used in the manufacture of certain explosives (e.g. TNT).