Melamine is an organic compound with the chemical formula C₃H₆N₆. It is a white crystalline solid that contains a triazine ring structure and is primarily known for its use in the production of melamine-formaldehyde resins and laminates. Melamine is also utilized in the manufacturing of dinnerware, flooring, and adhesives, and it is used as a flame retardant in various plastics and coatings. It is not to be confused with melanin, which is a pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes.
Properties of Melamine:
- Molecular Formula: C₃H₆N₆
- Molar Mass: 126.12 g/mol
- CAS Number: 108-78-1
- Functional Groups: Contains amide and triazine structures.
- Reactivity:
- Melamine reacts with formaldehyde under heat and pressure to form melamine-formaldehyde resins, a type of thermosetting plastic.
- It is relatively stable and not highly reactive with acids, bases, or water under standard conditions.
- Melamine can undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions when exposed to strong acids or bases, especially under heat.
- Appearance: A white crystalline solid.
- Odor: Odorless.
- Density: 1.5 g/cm³ at 20°C.
- Melting Point: 350°C (662°F).
- Boiling Point: Sublimates at around 395°C (743°F).
- Solubility: Melamine is insoluble in water, but it is soluble in strong acids and bases.
- Vapor Pressure: Extremely low vapor pressure under normal conditions.
Uses of Melamine:
- Plastics: Used in the production of melamine formaldehyde resins, which are used for laminated countertops, dinnerware, and coatings.
- Fertilizers: Used in the synthesis of fertilizers and as a slow-release nitrogen source.
- Flame Retardants: Used in flame-retardant applications.
- Adhesives: Used in adhesives and coatings.