Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is a cyclic ether with the chemical formula C₄H₈O. It is a colorless, flammable liquid that has a slightly sweet odor. THF is widely used as a solvent in various chemical and industrial applications due to its ability to dissolve a wide range of compounds. It is particularly valuable in polymer chemistry, pharmaceutical synthesis, and as a solvent in organometallic chemistry. THF is also used as an intermediate in the production of polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG), which is used to make spandex fibers and urethane elastomers.
Properties of Tetrahydrofuran (THF):
- Molecular Formula: C₄H₈O
- Molar Mass: 72.11 g/mol
- CAS Number: 109-99-9
- Functional Group: THF contains a tetrahydrofuran ring, a cyclic ether with oxygen (O) and carbon (C) atoms alternating in a 5-membered ring.
- Reactivity:
- THF is highly polar and acts as a strong solvent for a variety of organic and inorganic compounds, including organometallic reagents.
- It is prone to oxidation in the presence of air, and the resulting peroxides can be dangerous. Proper storage and handling are necessary to prevent the formation of explosive peroxides.
- THF can react with strong acids, bases, and some oxidizing agents, forming degradation products.
- It is not very reactive under normal conditions but can be involved in polymerization reactions, especially with stabilized organometallic compounds.
- Appearance: A colorless liquid with a slightly sweet odor.
- Density: 0.889 g/cm³ at 20°C.
- Melting Point: −108°C (−162°F).
- Boiling Point: 66°C (151°F).
- Solubility:
- Miscible with water, as well as alcohols, ethers, chloroform, and acetone.
- THF is also miscible with a wide range of organic solvents such as aromatics, ketones, and chloroform, making it useful as a solvent in a wide variety of organic reactions.
Uses of Tetrahydrofuran (THF):
- Solvent: Used as a solvent in various chemical processes, especially in polymer chemistry.
- Polymer Industry: Used in the production of PVC, adhesives, and coatings.
- Pharmaceuticals: Used in the synthesis of drugs and as a solvent in drug formulations.